Cant Draw Starter Head Circle
When it comes to learning how to draw people, start simple to ensure success. And what is simpler than cartoon armatures? They are almost similar glorified stick figures! When yous stop worrying virtually getting the proportions of the torso and legs just right or making certain your eyes are the same size and align perfectly, you tin can focus more on the basic thought of the body — where things get, how they work together, how they movement. In starting this manner, you lot can take your time, slowly working to enhance your figure cartoon skills. Beneath, Jeff Mellem demonstrates the fundamentals of cartoon armatures, excerpted from his book, How to Describe People , and why starting this way leads to better figures down the line. Enjoy! 
Drawing Armatures 101
The best manner to learn to draw the human figure is to start every bit uncomplicated every bit possible. Forget most tracing contours. Forget nearly shadows and values. And, forget about skin and basic and facial features. What you demand to do is eddy the figure down to its essence, something and then uncomplicated that it can be drawn speedily; something so clear that there's no question about what it represents. When people who don't know how to draw want to sketch a person, they oft end up with a stick effigy. That's most every bit simple as y'all tin can get. The problem with the standard stick figure is that information technology doesn't possess the information on which to base a cartoon. However, with a couple of additions and modifications, you lot tin can turn a unproblematic stick effigy into a foundation for a cartoon.
Figuring out Stick Figures
If you accept a stick effigy and add some shoulders and hips, y'all get something that looks a lot more than like a man than the usual stick effigy. If y'all also add in some easily and feet and some bends at the elbows and knees, some book to the caput and keep all the parts roughly in proportion to a real person, yous'll end up with something that's both easy to depict and recognizable as a human. In art, this simplified figure is called an armature. Learning to depict armatures is a great place to start in figure drawing. You don't have to worry most making the armature look like the person you lot're drawing. In one case y'all take away all the details, what yous're left with is a diagram of how someone is posed. By reducing the effigy to this uncomplicated representation, you lot gain the power to clarify and exaggerate poses you encounter and invent poses you imagine.
Hold Off on The Gestures…For Now
One important note well-nigh cartoon armatures: This is not gesture drawing. Gesture drawings are a better manner to build a drawing because they show both the pose and the proportion of your effigy (like an armature does), but they also give your drawing a rhythm and flow. The armature is a more than concrete, rigid system that hones your sense of proportion and is an easy and articulate way to build a pose. Gesture cartoon is an important skill to master. But for now, stick with the armature as a style to assist you lot see beyond the surface of your subject. At present permit's motion on to a demonstration on cartoon armatures.
i. Describe the Head
The first step in cartoon an armature is to describe an oval for the head. I start with the caput because it establishes the proportion for the rest of the trunk. Pay particular attending to the angle at which the caput tips to the left or correct. 
When yous draw your oval, yous don't demand to get around and effectually. Just draw an ellipse in single lines once around or then. Information technology helps to practise drawing circles of various sizes and elongations until you lot can draw a simple oval shape consistently.
2. Draw the Face Map
At present, you must ascertain how the head is tipping forward or astern. You have to think of your shape as a sphere and not a apartment circumvolve. A sphere has 3 dimensions, where equally a circumvolve has just two. I know the page is flat and your circle but has two dimensions, but you can make it appear to have depth just by wrapping a line around the sphere's equator. 
To see how this works in existent life, wrap a rubber band around a brawl or draw a line around the middle of a balloon. As you tip the brawl or balloon abroad from you, the curve of the line appears to arch upward; if you tip it forward, the arch will appear to dip downward. 
This line around the middle of the oval represents the eye line. The chin will autumn at the bottom of the oval. The lesser of the nose is halfway in between the center and the mentum. The oral fissure is halfway between the olfactory organ line and the chin. You lot can add those lines if you desire to show the direction and tilt of the head. 
three. Add together the Cervix
You lot will desire to add together a line for the cervix. This line generally represents the spine. Don't worry virtually anatomy yet; only have the line outset at the back of the sphere reverse the face. The neck bends and twists to a large degree, so exist certain to requite it some curvature. Fifty-fifty when a person is looking straight forward, you can see the natural curvature of the neck in profile. 
4. Draw the Body
The adjacent step is to work down the trunk to the feet. Draw a line that represents the torso. Like the neck, this line follows the general motion of the spine, but yous're non trying to depict the curves of the spine itself. Don't worry almost the outer curve of the spine at the rib cage or the inner bend at the waist. Y'all're trying to capture the full general movement of the torso downwards to the hips. 
5. Add together the Hips
On the armature, the hips are represented by a straight line that is at a 90-degree angle from the base of the spine. This makes information technology easy to figure out how to describe the hip line. In one case you lot've fatigued the trunk line, the hip line will be perpendicular to information technology. Facing forward, the hips are wider than the head. Only, equally the body turns to the side, this line foreshortens and could be equally small as a single point. 
half dozen. Describe the Legs
The legs should be well-nigh as long as the head, neck and torso combined (bold the body isn't foreshortened), bending at the eye for the genu. Add a unproblematic line to indicate the direction of the feet and to anchor your figure on the ground. 
seven. Depict the Shoulders and Arms
Each shoulder moves independently, so they aren't represented by a direct line like the hips are. When the shoulders are shrugged or rotated forward, the shoulder line should reverberate this with a curved line. 
The shoulder line connects to the torso at a right angle, like to the hips, but information technology curves up, down, forward or back as it moves away from the body, according to the pose. Add the arms and hand in a like fashion to the legs and feet, merely a little shorter. 
Proportions
Once you lot're comfy posing an armature, you'll need to beginning paying attention to getting the proportion right. Every person is a picayune bit different. Some people have long legs and a short torso. Other people might take long arms or wide shoulders or a squat head, so you lot take a lot of leeway in drawing these things. That said, the classical proportion of an adult is roughly seven-and-a-one-half heads tall. The meridian of the head to the pubic area is four heads high. The legs are near 3-and-a-one-half head lengths tall, but many people stretch them to a more than statuesque four heads.
Armatures in Motion
A bang-up manner to practice the armature is to give information technology something to practice. This armature is hoisting a heavy sack onto his shoulder. 
In each of the drawings, I had to consider how he would move and how he would stay balanced. Information technology helps to human activity out the motion yourself before getting your armature to exercise the same motion on the page. 
Exercise:Terminate here and choose one of the armatures you drew from a reference. Pic in your mind the motion the person was going through when that epitome was captured. Act it out if you can. Now attempt to depict armatures that animate the motion earlier and after the moment you drew in the movie.
Moving Toward Gesture Cartoon
Armatures are practiced for analyzing the pose and clearly defining how the trunk is positioned. The biggest shortcoming of beginning a cartoon with an armature is that it is rigid and slow to get down on paper. Gesture drawing is an even quicker style to convey the movement and menses of a pose while nevertheless conspicuously showing how the body is positioned. You need the skills of armature drawing fifty-fifty though yous're not really putting it downward on paper. Gesture drawing isn't about drawing a skeletal structure or the torso's contours; it'due south nearly capturing the totality of the pose as one fluid cartoon. That means y'all may mark the twist of the spine or the exterior curve of the hips, simply you're not thinking about those individual pieces as much equally you are trying to capture the energy of the total pose. It withal needs to give you all the positional data that the armature did, merely it besides needs to give you a feeling for the whole subject area — not just how everything fits together but also the attitude and energy of the person you lot're drawing. 
Yous tin see the difference between the armature and the gesture in these two drawings of the same pose. Both evidence how the body is positioned and the proportion of the figure, merely the gesture gives a sense of rhythm and flow. You may use a nighttime line to emphasize the stretch at the hip or the twist through the torso and lighter, smoother lines on a relaxed arm. These initial observations, recorded in your gesture drawing, will come up through as the cartoon develops and help to keep the energy and emotion through to the final rendering.
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Now that you know how to depict armatures, yous can move on to learning all there is to know nearly gesture cartoon. From there, yous can motion on to the basic skeleton of the body, simplified volumes, learning major anatomy, and and then how to put it all together for successful figure cartoon. And, Josh Mellem'southward How to Draw People covers it all, with stride-by-step lessons, exercises and assignments along the way.
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Source: https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-techniques/beginner-artist/drawing-armatures/
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